Government 479/543: Polls, Surveys, and Public Opinion
Course Description
The intent of this course is to provide an introduction to the methodology of polls and surveys, to the sources of error in the data they generate and in the inferences based on those data, and to some of their uses for the study of public opinion, cultural values and political behavior.
Syllabus
You can access the complete course’s syllabus here at Georgetown’s course catalog (authentication required).
Assignments
1. Team assignment. Start: September 2nd, 2.15 – 3.00 p.m in class. Take a look at the “Principles of Disclosure” adopted by the National Council on Public Polls. And then take a look at the three following news items:
- “Americans Worse Than When Obama Inaugurated by 44%-34% Margin“
- “Americans Regain Some Confidence in Newspapers, TV News“
- “J.P. Morgan: Most Americans Unsure How Much They Need To Retire”
Do you think the “principles of disclosure” should apply to all three? If not, why not? In the cases you think they do apply, was there systematic compliance? Discuss and start preparing a report (5,000 characters with spaces max.) answering these questions. Give a finalized version back to me September 9th (beginning of class).
2. Individual assignment. Read “The ‘Margin of Error’ for Differences in Polls”, by Charles Franklin;
- Go here, and pick the most recent national presidential job approval poll in the list;
- And answer the following questions (1 page should be enough):
- What is (assuming random sampling) the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of “approve” in the most recent poll? Explain how you got there.
- Is the difference between “approve” and “disapprove” in the most recent poll statistically significant? Explain.
- Go back to the list, and have a look at the next to last poll conducted by the same polling company. Is the change in approval from the next to last to the last poll statistically significant? Explain.
To be delivered September 23rd (beginning of class).
3. Team assignment. Start: September 30th, 2.00 – 3.00 p.m. in class. Try your hand at questionnaire design. Go ahead and design a survey instrument to be administered to the undergraduate students in GU’s Department of Government concerning satisfaction levels with the curriculum and the quality of instruction (in case you did not notice, this is Rea and Parker’s exercise 4 in page 72). Finish it up in class, produce a polished version by the next day and mail it to me and to another group of students (we’ll figure how to organize this in class) to get feedback. And prepare to give feedback yourself to another draft by October 7th (to be presented orally in class and also in a written report, 5,000 characters with spaces max).
4. Individual assignment. Design a research project involving the use of a survey. This research report must include the description of the main research question, a brief review of theoretically relevant work, a description of the main hypotheses, a description of sampling procedures (frame, size, selection) and the survey instrument. You will present this in class starting on November 11th to get initial feedback from the class. The final document is to be sent to me no later than December 7th (noon, 25,000 characters with spaces max).
Web Resources
- On polls and survey research in general, we can start with several important organizations: the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR. They have a nice blog, Survey Practice), the World Association for Public Opinion Research (WAPOR), the National Council on Public Polls, the Council of American Survey Research Organizations and the European Society for Opinion and Market Research. The American Political Science Association has a subsection on Elections, Public Opinion, and Voting Behavior.
- Important sources of public opinion and survey data include the Pew Research Center for the Public and the Press, the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research and the massive data archives of the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research and the German Data Archive for the Social Sciences at GESIS (the ZACAT online catalogue is here).
- The two major academic publications on public opinion are Public Opinion Quarterly and the International Journal of Public Opinion Research, sponsored by AAPOR and WAPOR, respectively. Journals such as Electoral Studies, Political Behavior, and the Journal of Elections, Parties, and Public Opinion (not to mention the American Political Science Review and the American Journal of Political Science) publish many articles using survey data.
- If you’re looking for poll results and debates about them, there is not a much better place than the excellent Pollster. Gallup, Survey USA, the ABC news polling unit, and Public Policy Polling are among the most reputable polling organizations in the US and their websites are very informative. Check out also the inevitable 538.com. For British polls, there’s no better source than UK Polling Report. For German election polls, this website is a good and updated source (in Deutsch, I’m afraid). For a mix of polls around the World, Angus Reid Public Opinion is probably the best place to go. And don’t forget the European Commission’s Eurobarometer, the Afrobarometer, the Asian Barometer, and the Latinobarómetro for regular good quality data on a vast number of issues in many countries around the World.
- On sampling error, take a look at this website showing various sampling distributions, useful information on the normal distribution, and this simple sample size and margin of error calculator. For confidence intervals other than the ones based on the approximation to the normal, take a look at this calculator.
- Major research infrastructures based on survey research include the American National Election Studies, initiated in 1948, and the General Social Survey, initiated in 1972. The International Social Survey Program and the European Social Survey are two major cross-national academic projects measuring attitudes and values in Europe and beyond. In what concerns election studies, the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, the European Election Studies, and the Comparative National Elections Project are the largest cross-national networks around. I’ve been involved in all three in different capacities so, if you are interested in them, feel free to contact me. And also if you have suggestions of other links to include here.
Credits
© Copyright 2013 Pedro Magalhães.
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Banner image taken from W. E. B. Du Bois (1900), A series of statistical charts illustrating the condition of the descendants of former African slaves now in residence in the United States of America.